名人教英文 – Politician就係政客?

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19/04/2011

名人教英文 – Politician就係政客? 毛孟靜

在別的報紙的教英文專欄, 見到這麼一句:Politicians(政客)are also getting into the act……政客!頗為嚇一跳。這兩個字,充滿貶意,就是一副「貪飲貪食」、「數」的模樣。原文說的是四個政黨的立法會議員,腔調中性,無愛無恨,這個politician,是a person engaged in or concerned with politics,譯做「政客」,不對。

那譯「政治家」?更錯。從事什麼而成「家」,是很厲害的形容; 從政而成家, 英文是statesman,在西方社會,一般人眼中英國的邱吉爾、美國的羅斯福,都達這個層次。若純粹論玩弄權術的高超、翻天覆地的能耐,一樣有人把蔣介石、毛澤東等叫做政治家。

中國人的一套,就是誇張,一就是一聽不屑的「政客」, 一就是一聽神馳的「政治家」, 那politician 中文該怎麼叫呢?正規的書面語是「從政者」,用本地的口頭語是「政治人」。

手頭一本梁實秋英漢大字典,把politician 解做:政治家、政客、從政者。看,三個解釋都有, 「有殺錯、無放過」。但politician 譯回中文是什麼意思,還得視乎上文下理。

You need to be a bit of a politician to get things done here,要懂得耍手段才可在這裏辦到事。也即是說,要似個「政客」的成分居多。這番耍手段,亦即玩政治。

He is as honest as a politician,他誠實得似個政客。一句前設的、沒說出口的話,就是「從政者都是說謊者」——All politicians are liars。

He is such a great politician!他真是個政治家!事實是,電話簿般厚的牛津大字典,對politician的率先解釋,是a schemer,一個玩弄手段、擅於奸計的人。於是,話人是個politician,究竟是讚是彈,要先清楚前言後語,方拿得到箇中意思。

像這一句:

The “middle-of-the-road” is the sacred path followed by compromising politicians. 「對喜歡妥協的從政者來說, 『中間落墨』是一條必要追隨的神聖路線。」

這裏說的從政者,該攀不上「政治家」的邊了,但似乎又未淪落至「政客」,為安全計,叫政治人就好。

 

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