暴動與騷動

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13/03/2016

暴動與騷動 毛孟靜

新聞是歷史的初稿,news is the first draft of history。眼下這個政府,看來不但要定性新聞,更要篡改歷史。梁振英政府這邊廂把1967年大暴動改叫為「騷動」disturbances,那邊廂就把農曆新年初一初二的旺角街頭衝突叫做「暴亂」riot。有分別嗎?有。

官方原裝的中英對照新聞稿,是這樣的:‧ 60 年代香港發生騷動事件, the disturbances in Hong Kong in the 1960s

‧旺角暴亂,the riot in Mongkok

許多香港人一看到上述文字,即大大不以為然,認為兩句應該恰恰掉轉,即1967 年發生的是riot——歷史本來也是這樣寫——而旺角一筆, 就係disturbances。因為字義上,disturbances 比較輕巧,牽涉暴力、亂局以至流血的相對感覺,都低許多。

「騷動」這個中文詞語,亦給用得不倫不類。聽聽這一句: 「大明星到了,大批影迷引起一陣騷動。」這副景象,只有起哄,並無暴力之意。企圖把當年遍地菠蘿、下令宵禁及多人死傷的一段歷史,改叫做騷動,而英文扮作對口的,就係disturbances,擅改新聞紀錄之餘,亦似是為傷痛的過去一章塗脂抹粉。

Disturbance 解擾亂安寧, the interruption of a settled and peaceful condition,包括公安或私安。

例句︰ Building a helicopter pad here would definitely cause disturbance to residents of the neighbourhood. 在這裏起直升機坪,肯定會騷擾到這一區的居民。

No disturbance,請勿騷擾。當然,用做眾數, disturbances 亦解unrest, 像politicaldisturbances shook the city,政治上的躁動令這個城市不安,但一般都不會令人立刻聯想暴動。

怎樣標籤旺角一筆,淨用英文考慮,個人第一選擇原是unrest 動盪、civil unrest 民間動盪。Unrest 係個大包抄用語, an umbrella term,當中可以包括各式抗議靜坐、遊行及罷工等; and it can be peaceful or involve violence,可以是和平的,也可牽涉暴力。也即是,用unrest,有一字以蔽之的方便。

但,到底幾時用unrest、幾時用riot 暴動,以至rebellion 起義呢?西方的社會學家說:

‧ Civil unrest often occurs when a group strives to gain attention for something they feel is unjust。社會發生動盪,通常因為有一班人覺得有事不公,冀受注意。

而一大群人在一起,容易生出一套「人做我做」的crowd mentality,群體效應,而構造出dramatic and frightening images 戲劇而令人吃驚的畫面; 由burning tyres 燒車軚、beating passers-by 打路人,到looting 搶掠商舖。

這些畫面的主要對象,自然是新聞媒體。所以示威者打記者,shoot the messenger,一定錯。

但由此就得暴動的稱號?社會學者說,抗爭即使流血,若前提是要挑戰當權不公,那就可以叫做rebellion 起義。當中的分野是:

‧ Unlike a riot, a rebellion tends to be more organised and has clearer goals for change. 不像一般暴動,起義傾向比較有組織,也有更清晰的求變目標。

‧ Rebellions can be violent or non-violent,and they are often characterised by attempts to change the social order in some way. 起義可以是暴力或非暴力,特點是包含要改變社會秩序的說話及行動。

‧ Rather than merely blowing off steam fuelled by anger, participants see their actions as part of a larger rebellion that aims to create policy changes. 除了因為憤怒,要消消氣,參與者視行動為更大一場起義的一部分,最終目標為政策改革。

年初二晚,香港續放煙花。之前一夜的故事,許多新聞報道暫且仍叫之做旺角街頭衝突、the Mongkok street conflicts。

 

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