紅蘿蔔,英文解「著數」!

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10/11/2011

紅蘿蔔,英文解「著數」! 毛孟靜

Carrot,紅蘿蔔。He needs a carrot,他需要一根紅蘿蔔。但carrot 在英文的一個廣泛喻意,是指甜頭、好處、誘因;He needsa carrot 的真正意思是「他需要一點着數」。Let us help him by giving him a carrot. 這裏的help 並非真的「幫忙」,而是說這個人仍然猶豫不決或不聽話,那我們就給他點好處,請君入甕,令他聽聽話話就好。

紅蘿蔔(書面語多寫胡蘿蔔)等於甜頭?這個比喻中的主角,是一隻騾子,話說騾子脾氣硬,不聽命令,於是主人要牠拉車,會在牠面前吊根胡蘿蔔來誘牠向前走,同時在牠背後揮一根棒(a stick)來嚇牠,這就是carrot and stick 的由來。

Carrot and stick 常給譯做「胡蘿蔔加大棒」,亦即中文的威迫利誘、軟硬兼施。

Let us adopt a carrot-and-stick approach. 我們來個恩威並施的取向。

The American carrots-and-sticks policy in Iran may backfire. 美國在伊朗的既賞且罰政策, 或會生出反效果。Backfire 有事與願違、自食其果之意。

買菜搭條葱,買樓送冷氣機,那根葱及那部冷氣機,都可以carrot 名之。

一般說來,一就是淨講carrot,一就是講齊carrot and stick,很少淨講stick。一個解釋,是英文原裝的古話,其實是carrot on astick,紅蘿蔔給綁在一根棍子上,亦即原本的stick 並無「棒打」的含意。

Carrot 這款「着數」用法,在國際傳媒頗見流行,但正式的、官方的文件多會避開當中那一點的低貶成分,而用另外一個「中性」的字︰ incentive,包含激勵、獎賞的誘因,促使人做一件事。

The government announced an incentive scheme to promote its retirement fund policy.

政府宣布一項包含誘因的(獎勵)計劃,去推行退休金政策。

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