英文講「馬」

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20/01/2014

英文講「馬」 毛孟靜

都聽過一句俗語: 「牛唔飲水唔㩒得牛頭低」。英文也有類似的話,但不說牛,講馬:

You can take/ride/lead a horse to waterbut you can’t make it drink. 可以把馬拉/騎/帶到水邊,但不能叫馬喝水。

有說,這該是英文中最古老的有關馬的習語, 可追溯至1175 年, 意思也就是it’simpossible to make someone do somethingunless he is willing,若人家不願意,就逼不了人家做事。但要留意,我們的「牛唔飲水」多用作反話,通常是有人做了錯事,想卸責或把責任推給別人,往往反而會招來一句: 「牛唔飲水,又點㩒得牛頭低吖!」

想起這個中英文的牛馬說,主要是因為新的農曆年是馬年。英文有好些馬的常用語,淺白的有horse sense,直譯「馬的官感」,說的是common sense 常識加一點hunch 直覺; 且添以常理常情至街頭智慧beingstreet-smart,從而做出可靠判斷之意。

? He is no expert but he has a lot of horsesense. 他不是專家,但他很會(作出適合的)判斷。

? We need some good common horsesense to settle the matter. 我們需要常人常理的智慧來解決這事。

? Horse sense tells me I should keep offthat crowd. 我的常識(加點直覺)着我遠離那一群人。

照計,聰明的動物另有猴子、貓頭鷹和海豚等,為什麼特別垂青馬呢?一個說法是,古時的英國人與馬為伍,見馬的天性不善攻擊之餘,更是prey animal,受其他動物捕食,於是馬的官感非常靈敏,對一點風吹草動都會反應很快。

另一套解說,是古代的英國貴族把馬等同百姓僕從,horse sense 原指平民智慧,英文解說是:

A robust form of common sense found inpoorly educated but shrewd people. 讀書不多但頭腦精明的百姓,有的是充沛的常識智慧。套諸今日,亦即是普羅大眾的智慧、人民智慧,相對men in suits(西裝友)之言。

因為馬在舊日社會佔一重要席位,英語中也就有許多隨口的「馬語」,像:

1. Horse-power 不就是「馬力」!

2. Dark horse 之謂「黑馬」。

3. A horse laugh 哈哈大笑,通常含「唔係嗄嘛」之意。

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