通通識 – 選擇檢控政治迫害

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18/05/2010

通通識 – 選擇檢控政治迫害 陳淑莊

Prosecution 與persecution,因為字形跟發音都相似,常令許多學生混淆。兩字都是名詞,一個簡單的記法,是:

Prosecution:檢控,Persecution:迫害。

一個pro開頭,另一個per——近似迫害的「迫」。

Selective prosecution:選擇(性)檢控

Political persecution:政治迫害

例句:?Police have dropped prosecutions against thedemonstrators. 警方撤銷了對示威者的檢控。

?Political dissidents are often persecuted. 政治異見分子常遭迫害。

一次在課堂上問大學生prosecution 跟persecution 的分別, 一個錯的答案是:

Prosecution 有「死刑」的意思。錯了。這番誤解, 許是源自日常語的一句, to prosecute aplan = to execute a plan, 「進行一項計劃」。就生出一個印象, prosecution = execution,execution 亦可解作「處決」、執行死刑。

進一步記得這兩字的分別,是prosecution 跟法庭有關,是訴訟,本身語意中立,不褒不貶。但persecution,迫害,就肯定是壞事了。

類似的搞錯,有prospective 和perspective。

Prospective:預期、展望、未來的,有potential的意思,通常用作形容詞。例句:

?What is our prospective gain in this?

我們從中有什麼預期得益?

?She is our prospective buyer.

她(很有可能)是我們的未來買家。

Perspective:一般用做名詞,解角度、觀點。

例如:?We have to see things in perspective.

我們要恰當地觀察事物。

?From what perspective did you make thatcomment? 你從什麼角度作出那個評論?

上面四個pro 與per 開頭的字,即使識得,仍要小心不打錯字。純粹打錯字,可以是大事,甚至是「死罪」。下面三個個案,都是真實故事:

Public transport(公共交通)→ Pubic transport(性器官的交通!)出自西報一個運輸故事。

Auspicious occasion(吉祥慶典)→ Suspiciousoccasion(可疑慶典!)出自本地另一西報的某國國慶廣告,事後得向領事館道歉賠款。

The matter is unclear ( 此事不清楚)→ The matter is nuclear(此事有關核子!)冷戰時期國際通訊社的內部溝通。

小心一「字」錯,滿盤落索。

 

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